Book Portfolio Quarter 4

Hunger by: Sharman Apt Russell

Seeing food sends a message to your nerve cells in the lower brain, which then sends a message to the stomach and pancreas. This starts the production of the enzymes, acids and mucus. The lower brain triggers the salivary glands, making your mouth water, and now your ready to eat.

Saliva stimulates taste receptors, and lubricates food. Your tongue pushes the food back and after that your body takes over.The small intestine does most of the job of absorbing nutrients. Many studies have been performed to come to these conclusions.

" Hunger is experienced not just in abdominal ache but as a heaviness in the limbs, a yearning in the mouth." Says Drew Leder who studies people's eating habits.

In 2001 Angelo Del Parigi, of the national institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases performed a study. The object was to see if the brains of men and women responded differently to short- term hunger. The subjects ate well balanced and healthy meals for a week and then were not allowed to eat for thirty- six hours. In his experiment men and women did not show any significant differences in how they rated hunger.

Back in 1848 Henry S. Tanner moved to the United States from England. He was taught that human beings could not live for more than ten days with out food. After a few years of living in the U.S Tanner became more and more depressed and decided he would starve himself to death by not eating for ten days. Ten days later he was still in good health. He ended up fasting for forty days and on the 40th day when he could eat he surprised many people. He ate a peach, drank a glass of rice milk, devoured a watermelon, ate a broiled beef steak and a half pound of sirloin. He soon gained back all his weight. He began promoting his idea of the " recuperative power of the self."

Many people stop eating or fast in protest, they are called hunger strikers. They believe hunger can strengthen the weak, inspire the timid and bully the powerful. Fasting as protest is not new. In medieval Ireland fasting against someone was part of their legal system. If someone felt you had done something wrong to them and died hungry on your door step, you became responsible for his debts.

Today we have many people who can not afford food or even clothing. Their are many starving families in Guatemala for instance and this is not something new. Hunger has been around forever, even since we lived in caves and trapped our own food, or picked nuts and berries it is just more known now than ever.

David Brearley

David Brearley was born on June, 11 1745 in Spring Grove, New Jersey. The same state that he represented. In 1776 he took place in the convention that drew up the State Constitution ,and in 1779 he was elected as Chief Justice of New Jersey Supreme Court, where he held the position for ten years until 1789. He was 42 years old when he participated in the Constitutional Convention. Like William Paterson he opposed proportional representation of states in congress. He thought that only a constitutionally based government could guarantee that the nations military forces would remain properly ordered to their elected civilian leaders. Brearley looked for a stronger government that would protect the rights of all states under a rule of law. President Washington appointed him as a federal district judge and he served until his death. Brearley died in Trenton at the age of forty five in 1790 and was buried at St. Michael's Episcopal Church.

David Brearley has enough historical recognition. He really did not play a major role in the revolution. He may have been Chief Justice but this does not really make him stand out. Brearley did little to earn the recognition he has and if he was given more what would it be for. He was not a hero ,nor was he ever president or any such thing. The most he did was look for a stronger government and serve as a judge.

Propoganda Essay

I believe that the colonies have every right to rebel against Britain. They killed people in the Boston Massacre and now they must suffer the consequences. If they had not fired at a group of mostly innocent, some not, people there would not be such an outburst. I believe the colonies should rebel for they have suffered and now the British must suffer too. It was a disgrace to the British for acting in such a manner and the people were only trying to find out what all the commotion was about. If we do this we will see a great future. We will think for ourselves and we will have our own freedom. No one will take our land and our ways away from us.

Boston Massacre Essay

During the 1760's the town of Boston was more and more affected by migration, change and maturation. Protests against the Stamp Act had been very bitter, so in 1768 the British government ordered soldiers to got to Boston to restore order and enforce laws. Instead their plan backfired. The soldiers only increased tensions and incidents between the redcoats and Bostonians became common. On February 22, 1770 a British man named Ebenezer Richardson tried to tear down and anti -British sign and was followed to his house by an upset crowd. They teased him and broke his windows with stones, one of which struck his wife. Very angry about what had happened, he grabbed his musket and fired into the crowd. He accidently shot an eleven year old boy who died eight hours later. Richardson was dragged from his house and to jail. Destruction of property and burning of effigies also became common. On August 1765 in Boston, crowds protesting the Stamp Act destroyed the homes of stamp distributors Andrew Oliver and Thomas Hutchinson. On March 5th, 1770 the crowd and the soldiers acted even more unlike themselves. A group of boys were taunting a British Sentry in front of the Custom House. Then one of the soldiers struck a Bostonian with his musket which only made things worse. No one could calm the crowd, so one of the soldiers fired and others followed, leaving five dead and six wounded. This became known as the Boston Massacre.

I find the Bostonians guilty. If they had shown some respect and not gotten so out of hand, none of this would have ever happened. There is no excuse for them to treat the British soldiers, who were trying to help, the way they did. If you were being disrespected and taunted in such a manner, what would you have done? If your wife was hurt or you were being surrounded, with no escape, by an angry mob, what would you resort to? I feel that the British were only doing what needed to be done for their own safety.

I do not think that the British should go unpunished but neither should the Bostonians. It is not for me to decide how they get punished but they both need to learn how to act in a mature and respectful manner. As for the Bostonians, their actions were unacceptable and if they had not acted in such a way none of this would have happened.

Qtr. 3 Book Portfolio

If I Should Die Before I Wake, by Han Nolan is about a girl named Hilary who gets into a motorcycle accident and is put in the hospital. She dreams that her name is Chana and she is a jew. Her whole time is at the hospital as she drifts in and out of consiousnous she lives in another world.

She is sent to a concentration camp and stripped down to nothing. (http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005144) People today can still remember this moment in their life like Henny Fletcher Aronson who was one of the many victims of the Nazi concentration camps.

"As we came to Stutthof, they told the women to get out, and they said we will meet, we'll meet up with your, uh, husbands and fathers later on. So my sister-in-law, the two of us got off the train, and, uh, I think, you know, I'm not sure if they had transportation. Yes, they had, I think, open, open trucks where we were, uh, piled in, and we were brought to Stutthof. And then we were told, of course, right away my coat was taken away, and whatever else I had, which was very little, I suppose, because, uh, I didn't have a chance to take anything with me. And I held on to my mother, and then they told us to disrobe. Uh, you know, they had always tables and young Germans sitting behind it. And they said to us, "Okay, go in in this large area and disrobe." I mean by disrobe take everything off. So here I am next to my mother, hundreds of women, and we had to be totally naked coming in in front of a desk with a bunch of young hoodlums. So what do you think in a case like that? They are creatures from some other planet. There was no planet then, but creatures from hell. Why should I bother worrying about them, what they look at me. Because how demeaning can you even feel with standing your mother and relatives and friends, I mean I didn't have relatives, my, my sister-in-law. And here you are standing totally naked, and they look at you, it's like.... So, uh, I just stood there, and they just looked at us, and then they told us to go in the back to take showers, and they gave us the uniforms, the striped uniforms, and this is how our ordeal started. And this is concentration camp."

After being hosed down, shaved and given raggy clothes to wear Chana was sent out into the freezing winter air along with the others. Days passed and everyone is starving. The prisoners are continually pushed to their limits, some people drop dead right where they are working and are just left there. Chana stays strong knowing her grandmother is their to support her. Day after day the jobs get harder and less food is given out. Many jews were beat and some were burnt alive. They were treated like wild animals and not like human beings. One women remembers that time in her life all too well.

"I have seen a lot of dead people around, all over, and I guess when you see so many, it doesn't really make that much of an impression. One of the times in Ostrowiec Lager [camp] I was in the, uh, outhouse, in the bathroom, which was on the corner of the, uh, uh, area where like it was a big area in the center of the camp, and then all the barracks were around it, mostly actually on two sides, and the outhouse was at the corner. And I happened to have gone into the outhouse and, uh, all at once there is a commotion and everybody is rushed into their barracks, because that's where they were supposed to go, and, uh, I got stuck in the bathroom. Well, I got up on the seat and I looked out of the little window on the top, and what had happened is some people tried to escape, and they were caught. And I guess they were wounded, and there was some shooting going on, and they got about, I think, four people to dig graves just outside of the wire of the fence of the camp. And they brought these, uh, people that tried to escape, that were, uh, shot already, but they were not dead. And they made the other Jews bury these people that were not really dead yet, and they were begging not to be buried, that they're still alive, that they should do something to kill them. But they didn't do anything, they just buried them alive. And these people had to do it, or else, these poor people who that were been picked to do it, because otherwise they themselves would have would up in--dead. That was a very, very traumatic experience. I can still hear them screaming."- Ruth Webber.

Eventually Hilary fully recovered and stopped living in Chana's life. She did not come out of it unchanged. She changed her views and opinions on many things completely.

Plymouth Essay

The founding of English colonies in modern Massachusetts combined a strange mix of idealism and violence. Miles Standish contributed important protection to the early colonies by using violence. Benjamin Church provided vital leadership to protect the colonies during King Philip's War. Despite all of this violence, the colonies were also founded on religious idealism. It is important to understand the full history of these areas because this is what Americans generally consider to be our nation's beginning.


Miles Standish contributed important protection to the early colonies by using violence.
In the middle of night he breaks into a wigwam looking for Corbitant. He had people with him with guns and women and children were very scared. It was very chaotic. Secondly Miles invites people to dinner with him and stabs the guy for not having the same beliefs. A guy who traded with the indians more than pilgrims Miles forced to leave. Standish used violence in all his encounters with people who were not helping out the pilgrims.


Benjamin Church provided vital leadership to protect the colonies during King Philip's War. He got together a group of men and went after the indians. Tried to use the indians tactics against them. They were outnumbered and had to leave in a canoe. Church and his soldiers were ambushed in the middle of the night and King Philip was killed. Church led his men to the indians shelter where they said a few words in honor of King Philip. Church was expected to hunt down two notoriuos warriors and he captured some indians and brought them to Plymouth. Benjamin Church provided leadership for his men and in the end he captured and killed many indians which is what he set out to do.


Despite all of this violence, the colonies were also founded on religious idealism. The pilgrims did not want to kill the indians they just wanted to create a community where everyone had the same religion and beliefs. The pilgrims celebrated Thanksgiving as new colonists arrived because most of them were puritans. They ended up living in peace with the Wampanoags until 1664 . Puritans like the pilgrims were religous people and they celebrated their religous freedom.


The founding of english colonies in Massachussets combined violence and religion to create a community. Miles Standish used violence to protect the colonies. Benjamin Church used leadership to take over the indians. The colonies were founded on religion. There was a constant battle between the pilgrims and the indians and many men helped to make the pilgrim community the best one as possible. Everything was based on religion and in order to keep the religion the same they had to use violence.

Plymouth Essay outline

I. Introduction







A. The founding of English colonies in modern Massachusetts combined a strange mix of idealism and violence.



B. Preview first major point (without support) [Miles Standish contributed important protection to the early colonies by using violence.]



C. Preview second major point (without support) [ Benjamin Church provided vital leadership to protect the colonies during King Philip's War.]



D. Preview third major point (without support) [Despite all of this violence, the colonies were also founded on religious idealism.]



E. Significance of Thesis [It is important to understand the full history of these areas because this is what Americans generally consider to be our nation's beginning.]







II. First Major Point







A. Miles Standish contributed important protection to the early colonies by using violence.



B. In the middle of night he breaks into a wigwam looking for Corbitant. He had people with him with guns and womenand children were very scared. chaotic.



C. Miles invites people to dinner with him and stabs him.



D. A guy who traded with the indians more than pilgrims Miles forced to leave.



E. Standish used violence in all his encounters with people who were not helping out the pilgrims.







III. Second Major Point







A. Benjamin Church provided vital leadership to protect the colonies during King Philip's War.



B. He got together a group of men and went after the indians. Tried to use the indians tactics against them. They were outnumbered and had to leave in a canoe.



C. Church and his soldiers were ambushed in the middle of the night and King Philip was killed. Church led his men to the indians shelter where they said a few words in honor of King Philip.



D. Church was expected to hunt down two notoriuos warriors and he captured some indians and brought them to Plymouth.



E. Benjamin Church provided leadership for his men and in the end he captured and killed many indians which is what he set out to do.







IV. Third Major Point







A. Despite all of this violence, the colonies were also founded on religious idealism.



B. The pilgrims did not want to kill the indians they just wanted to create a community where everyone had the same religion and beliefs.



C. The pilgrims celebrated Thanksgiving as new colonists arrived because most of them were puritans.



D. They ended up living in peace with the Wampanoags until 1664 .



E. Puritans like the pilgrims were religous people and they celebrated their religous freedom.







V. Conclusion



A. The founding of english colonies in Massachussets combined violence and religion to create a community.



B. Miles Standish used violence to protect the colonies.



C. Benjamin Church used leadership to take over the indians.

D. The colonies were founded on religion.



E. There was a constant battle between the pilgrims and the indians and many men helped to make the pilgrim community the best one as possible. Everything was based on religion and in order to keep the religion the same they had to use violence.